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  • 2017
  • Minjeong Kim and Sharron Lennon published in Journal of Global Fashion Marketing

Minjeong Kim and Sharron Lennon published in Journal of Global Fashion Marketing

By: Minjeong Kim and Sharron Lennon

Friday, June 02, 2017

Source: Taylor and Francis Online

Addressing the growing adoption of Black Friday (BF) promotions and related BF misbehavior in the US and elsewhere, we examined the mechanism by which emotions, self-control, and public self-consciousness impact BF consumer misbehavior. We also investigated to what extent women and men differ with regard to how these variables affect misbehavior on BF. Student participants were former in-store BF shoppers (n = 411) who completed an online questionnaire. Emotions evoked via scenarios simulating realistic BF shopping situations affected the likelihood of engaging in BF misbehavior for both men and women. Both negative emotion (anger) and positive emotion (thrill) increased the likelihood of misbehaving on BF. There were sex differences in how self-control and public self-consciousness impacted BF misbehavior. For men, self-control had both a direct and moderating effect on the likelihood of BF misbehavior, but it had no impact on women. Self-control reduced men’s likelihood of misbehavior despite anger aroused on BF. For women, public self-consciousness moderated how anger affected misbehavior likelihood, but not for men. Findings offer new insights into factors fueling and inhibiting potential misbehavior on BF.

感恩节后的第一天是黑色星期五,这一天美国零售商会开展“开门大抢购”的促销活动。购物者争抢便宜商品,在争抢的过程中会出现打架、喷胡椒、喷雾以及踩踏的现象,导致一部分顾客受伤。黑色星期五也就由此落下了恶名。大众媒体作家指出,黑色星期五的不当行为可能是由人的情绪所引起的。研究人员对黑色星期五的不当行为做过研究,但并未涉及情绪因素。本研究的目的是从心理学角度探讨引起黑色星期五不当行为发生的前提:(1)积极与消极情绪、自控力以及公共自我意识如何影响黑色星期五不当行为;(2)自控力和公共自我意识如何减轻消极情绪对黑色星期五不当行为的影响;(3)在情绪对不当行为的影响方面,男性和女性之间存在的差异。

576名黑色星期五购物者完成了网上调查;分析中包含411位(男129人,女282人)在黑色星期五商店里消费的顾客。受测者平均年龄25.8岁(标准差8.2),其中超过一半的人曾在黑色星期五商店或在网上购过物。所有量表均有足够的可靠性。探索性因子分析(EFA)在确定了原始量表中各维度的同时,又发现了两个新的情绪因素,即愤怒和恐惧。为了对黑色星期五不理智行为进行评估,购物者需要说明他们出现一系列黑色星期五不当行为的可能性。第二个衡量不当行为的方法标准 – – 行为功能失调严重性(DS)用以评估一个人在黑色星期五这一天的行为不可容忍且不合时宜的可能性。

运用多群路径分析和卡方差异检验,我们发现女性和男性在四个方面存在很大差异:(1)愤怒如何影响功能失调严重性;(2)自控力如何缓和愤怒与黑色星期五不当行为发生可能性之间的关系;(3)公共自我意识如何缓和愤怒与黑色星期五不当行为发生可能性之间的关系;(4)公共自我意识如何影响黑色星期五不当行为发生的可能性。对男性和女性而言,愤怒和恐惧均会引发黑色星期五不当行为,并且功能失调的严重性会加大黑色星期五不当行为发生的可能性。愤怒只会加重男性的功能失调严重性。不同的性格特征缓和了愤怒对黑色星期五不当行为的影响程度。对女性而言,公共自我意识对黑色星期五不当行为发生的可能性有直接的积极影响,并能缓和这种行为。

女性处于愤怒状态时,公共自我意识会抑制发生黑色星期五不当行为的可能性。然而,愤怒积聚到一定程度后,公共自我意识会有相反的效果,而且公众型(非公众型相对)的女性更容易出现黑色星期五不当行为。公共自我意识对男性没有影响。对男性而言,自控力对黑色星期五不当行为有直接、间接以及缓和作用。在极度愤怒的情况下,自控力强(与自控力弱相对)的男性更不易出现黑色星期五不当行为。自控力对黑色星期五不当行为发生的可能性及减轻功能失调严重性有间接影响。对女性而言,自控力不会影响黑色星期五不当行为发生的可能性。

这些调查发现丰富了黑色星期五不当行为的研究成果,为黑色星期五不当行为领域的研究提供了新的见解。之前的黑色星期五不当行为研究通常假设男性和女性会表现出相似的行为,而本研究提供的实验性证据证明了在研究性格能否调节因愤怒而产生黑色星期五的不理智行为时,男性和女性之间存在很大差异性。未来的实验或许将研究可能会导致女性黑色星期五不当行为发生的愤怒和公共自我意识的等级程度。

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